Chapter 5
Country profiles
Analysis of electrification trends in 15 countries responsible for nearly two-thirds of global final energy consumption and 70% of global electricity demand
Chapter 3 analysed global trends of some of the key indicators presented in this report and included cross-country comparisons, while Chapter 4 analysed the evolution of energy prices and the impact of the current energy crisis. This chapter focuses on the trends of the 15 individual countries analysed, which collectively account for almost two-thirds of global final energy consumption and 70% of global electricity demand. Each country profile includes:
A brief description of the country trends.
Table 5.X.A: A dashboard presenting the comparison (“traffic light”) of the growth rate of ten key indicators over the last decade compared with the growth rate needed in the International Energy Agency (IEA) Advanced Pledges Scenario (APS).
Table 5.X.B to Table 5.X.E: Four tables with general indicators and specific indicators for the buildings, transport and industry sectors. Note in Table 5.X.C, the unit: Mt = million tonnes.
A set of nine graphs (where data are available26), presenting:
Figure 5.X.A: The “space-for-action”.
Figure 5.X.B: The historical series evolution of electricity consumption per GDP and per capita.
Figure 5.X.C: The change of low-carbon electricity generation, compared with the change of electricity in total final energy consumption, highlighting the degree of evolution towards decarbonisation. The graph also includes the change of the share of electricity in total final energy consumption, to allow for an easy and direct comparison of electrification and gasification rates of final uses.
Figure 5.X.D: The historical series evolution of the share of low-carbon electricity generation – divided between renewables and nuclear power – and the electricity carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions intensity. In some countries, coal-to-gas substitution also contributes to the decrease of the intensity.
Figure 5.X.E: The historical series evolution of the electricity and gas shares of total final consumption (TFC) of energy.
Figure 5.X.F: The share of residential energy consumption by end use, highlighting the relative weight of the different subsectors and the potential for electrification in each of them.
Figure 5.X.G: Passenger electric vehicles (EVs) as share of car stock and sales, and the share of EV chargers with respect to the total car stock.
Figure 5.X.H: The share of industry energy consumption by main subsector and the share of industry CO2 emissions (including indirect emissions from secondary sources such as electricity) of the relative subsectors.
Figure 5.X.I: An index for electricity and natural gas prices by residential and industrial sector. The index is relative to the last electricity residential price available (typically 2022).
26 Figure data are not available for: 5.4 China (F); 5.5 Colombia (F, G, I); 5.8 India (F); 5.11 Mexico (F, I); 5.12 Morocco (G); and, 5.13 Russia (F, G, I).
The tables and figures presented in the country profiles are based on Global Sustainable Electricity Partnership (GSEP) analysis from the sources listed in Table 5A. Further information on these sources may be found in Chapter 7.
A summary of the “traffic light” dashboard is shown in Table 5B, comparing the growth rate of the historical trends of selected electrification indicators with the requirements over the coming decade. This table – coherent with the global table presented in Chapter 3 (Table 3.1) – provides the overview of the comparison across the 15 analysed countries. As discussed in the regional trends, most countries need to accelerate (yellow light) or strongly accelerate (red light) their performances, or even reverse trends (red triangle). Only few regions show some indicators that are in line with the future requirements. The most notable exception is China, which is discussed further in its country profile.
Most countries need to accelerate or strongly accelerate their performances, or even reverse trends. Only few regions show some indicators that are in line with future requirements.